Soulcasting

Some individuals can impart a piece of their soul into an object. This is done most often, but not exclusively, by spellcasters.
Some objects can be soulcast into more easily than others. See the Base Soulcast DCs table for the base Soulcast DCs of various materials.
Base Soulcast DCs
MaterialBase Soulcast DC
Most pure minerals10
Most organics11
Most metals12
Most stone15
Sahar20
Single diamond worth at least 300 gp8
Item with significant sentimental value to you8
Pure mithril or adamant worth at least 500 gp8
Pure copper, silver, or gold worth at least 500 gp9
Soulcasting is a standard action and requires you to touch a nonmagical object as you impart a fragment of your soul into it. Choose one or more Impartable Abilities to infuse the item with, and make an ability check. If you are imparting a spell, you must use your spellcasting ability for the check; otherwise, you can choose either Intelligence, Wisdom, or Charisma for it. The DC is equal to the base Soulcast DC of the material the object is made of plus twice the sum of the levels of the imparted abilities. If multiple materials comprise the object, use the highest base Soulcast DC among them.
On a success, the object is soulcast and magical for 24 hours, and you lose whatever abilities you imparted. Whether you succeed or fail, you gain one level of exhaustion after the attempt.
You regain an imparted ability if you are touching the item when the soulcasting ends. You can also regain an imparted ability via training, in which case the training DC is 10x the level of the imparted ability.
You can make a soulcasting permanent by repeating and passing the check a number of times equal to the total level of the soulcasting. Each success resets the duration to 24 hours, and each attempt gives a level of exhaustion as usual. Each of these checks also consumes special reagents that help convince the soul fragment to remain in the object. The DM determines what counts as a valid reagent.

Impartable Abilities

Weapon Proficiency

Level: Half your proficiency bonus.
Restriction: Can only be imparted to a weapon.
Ability Lost: Proficiency in the target weapon.
Soulcast Effect: Attack and damage rolls made with the weapon gain a bonus equal to half your proficiency bonus.

Tool Proficiency

Level: Half your proficiency bonus.
Restriction: Can only be imparted to a tool.
Ability Lost: Proficiency in the target tool.
Soulcast Effect: Ability checks made with the tool gain a bonus equal to half your proficiency bonus.

Armor Proficiency

Level: 4x half your proficiency bonus.
Restriction: Can only be imparted to armor or a shield.
Ability Lost: Proficiency in the target armor or shield.
Soulcast Effect: The AC granted by the armor or shield increases by half your proficiency bonus.

Saving Throw Proficiency

Level: 2x half your proficiency bonus.
Ability Lost: Proficiency in a saving throw.
Soulcast Effect (Requires Attunement): A creature bearing the item gains a bonus to saving throws of the given type equal to half your proficiency bonus.

Skill Proficiency

Level: 2x half your proficiency bonus.
Ability Lost: Proficiency in a skill.
Soulcast Effect (Requires Attunement): A creature bearing the item gains a bonus to ability checks using the skill equal to half your proficiency bonus.

Language Proficiency

Level: 1
Ability Lost: Proficiency in a language other than your native language.
Soulcast Effect (Requires Attunement): A creature bearing the item is proficient in the language.

Class Feature

Level: Half the level of the class feature, rounded up.
Restriction: If the class feature is dependent on another feature, you must impart that feature as well.
Ability Lost: The class feature, or an atomic part of a class feature such as a fighting style or maneuver.
Soulcast Effect: Varies; work with the DM. May require attunement.

Spell

Level: The level of the spell.
Ability Lost: The ability to cast that spell using the means by which you imparted it. You must also expend a spell slot equal to the level of the spell as part of the soulcasting.
Special: Soulcasting a spell takes as long as the casting time of the spell.
Soulcast Effect: Varies; work with the DM. May require attunement.